Visual Tools
Built with the Task Design CommunityVisual Keywords
Helps build vocab
About Visual Keywords
Extract and visualise key terms with definitions and visual representations. Perfect for vocabulary building and concept reinforcement.
Evidence
Pairing words with images creates two complementary memory traces (verbal and visual) which independently support recall. This 'dual coding' is one of the most robust findings in cognitive psychology and underpins Mayer's multimedia learning principles, where words and pictures together produce better learning than words alone.
- Paivio (1971/1990) - Dual-coding theory
- Mayer (2009) - Cognitive theory of multimedia learning
- Weinstein, Madan & Sumeracki (2018) - Teaching the science of learning (Cognitive Research, open access)
Examples:
Hexagons
Helps connect knowledge
About Hexagons
Create interactive hexagon grids to visualize connections between concepts. Perfect for exploring relationships between ideas and building conceptual understanding.
Evidence
Hexagon tessellation activities ('hexagonal thinking') ask learners to surface relationships between concepts and justify them, a form of concept mapping. Concept mapping is consistently associated with improved retention and transfer, and the SOLO taxonomy frames why this matters: students move from unistructural recall to multistructural and relational understanding.
- Biggs & Collis (1982) - SOLO Taxonomy (Structure of Observed Learning Outcomes)
- Novak & Cañas (2008) - The theory underlying concept maps and how to construct and use them
- Nesbit & Adesope (2006) - Learning with concept and knowledge maps: A meta-analysis
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Three Heads
Helps deep thinking
About Three Heads
Create exercises where students evaluate three different viewpoints or explanations. Perfect for addressing misconceptions, encouraging reasoning, and promoting critical thinking discussions.
Evidence
Confronting learners with plausible-but-wrong alternatives ("contrasting cases") forces them to articulate their reasoning and is a well-documented way to surface and revise misconceptions, particularly in science, where naïve theories are sticky. Comparing alternatives also improves transfer more reliably than studying a single worked example.
- Alfieri, Nokes-Malach & Schunn (2013) - Learning through case comparisons: A meta-analytic review
- Chi (2008) - Three types of conceptual change: belief revision, mental model transformation, and categorical shift
- EEF - Cognitive science approaches in the classroom (Education Endowment Foundation)
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Retrieval Task Creator
Helps strengthen memory
About Retrieval Task Creator
Create retrieval practice tasks with icons and keywords to help students strengthen their memory. Perfect for spaced repetition, revision, and knowledge consolidation.
Evidence
Actively pulling information out of memory ('retrieval practice') is one of the best-evidenced strategies for durable learning, more effective than re-reading or highlighting. The benefit grows when retrieval is spaced over time and when learners get feedback. Effects hold across ages, subjects, and ability levels.
- Roediger & Karpicke (2006) - Test-enhanced learning: Taking memory tests improves long-term retention
- Karpicke & Blunt (2011) - Retrieval practice produces more learning than elaborative studying with concept mapping (Science)
- Agarwal, Nunes & Blunt (2021) - Retrieval practice consistently benefits student learning: A systematic review of applied research
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Odd One Out
Helps with understanding concepts
About Odd One Out
Create 2x2 image grids where students identify the odd one out and explain their reasoning. Supports AI generation or teacher-provided examples.
Evidence
Identifying and justifying differences ("which one doesn't belong, and why?") is a structured comparison task. Comparing items side-by-side helps learners notice critical features they would miss in isolation, a mechanism known as structural alignment. The justification step is what does the cognitive work; without it, the activity reduces to guessing.
- Gentner & Markman (1994) - Structural alignment in comparison: No difference without similarity
- Alfieri, Nokes-Malach & Schunn (2013) - Learning through case comparisons: A meta-analytic review
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Diamond 9
Helps deep thinking
About Diamond 9
Create diamond ranking activities where students prioritize and justify their reasoning. Perfect for promoting discussion, critical thinking, and collaborative learning.
Evidence
Diamond ranking is a structured discussion protocol: the constraint of nine ordered cards forces learners to defend trade-offs out loud, which surfaces reasoning that free discussion typically leaves implicit. The evidence base is mostly UK practitioner literature rather than RCTs, but it aligns with broader findings on dialogic teaching and accountable talk.
- Clark (2012) - Using diamond ranking as a tool for thinking and discussion
- Alexander (2018) - Developing dialogic teaching: genesis, process, trial (Research Papers in Education)
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Vocab Stories
Helps build vocab
About Vocab Stories
Create explicit vocabulary teaching sequences with story-based examples and non-examples. Based on Engelmann and Carnine's Theory of Instruction.
Evidence
Engelmann and Carnine's Theory of Instruction argues that concepts are best taught by juxtaposing carefully sequenced examples and non-examples that vary only what matters. Story-framed examples add a narrative scaffold that improves engagement and recall. This is the same logical structure used in successful Direct Instruction programmes.
- Engelmann & Carnine (1991) - Theory of Instruction: Principles and Applications
- Beck, McKeown & Kucan (2013) - Bringing Words to Life: Robust Vocabulary Instruction
- Stockard et al. (2018) - The effectiveness of Direct Instruction curricula: A meta-analysis
Examples:
Worksheet Creator
Generate worksheets
About Worksheet Creator
Create beautiful printable worksheets with visual content and visual aids. Perfect for homework, in-class activities, and assessment preparation with multiple component types.
Evidence
Worksheets are a delivery format, not an instructional method; their effectiveness depends on what they make students do. Designed in line with cognitive load theory and multimedia principles (clear signalling, no extraneous decoration, words and images integrated rather than separated), they reduce working-memory cost and free attention for the actual task.
- Sweller, van Merriënboer & Paas (1998/2019) - Cognitive architecture and instructional design
- Mayer (2009) - Multimedia Learning (cognitive theory of multimedia learning)
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Icon Storyboard
Chunk knowledge
About Icon Storyboard
Create storyboards with symbolic icons representing key concepts. Perfect for visual communication using symbols rather than realistic images.
Evidence
Symbol-supported text is widely used in AAC (Augmentative and Alternative Communication) and SEND practice to reduce reading load while preserving meaning. The cognitive rationale is dual coding plus reduced extraneous load: a familiar icon carries the gist faster than a string of unfamiliar words. Evidence is strongest for learners with communication needs and EAL learners.
- Drager, Light & McNaughton (2010) - Effects of AAC interventions on communication and language for young children
- ASHA - Augmentative and Alternative Communication (clinical evidence map)
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Text Map
Helps with oral rehearsal
About Text Map
Create visual story maps with symbols arranged in a winding path. Perfect for Talk for Writing and similar approaches where children memorise and retell texts.
Evidence
Text maps are the visual scaffold behind Pie Corbett's Talk for Writing approach: children orally rehearse a model text using a sparse symbol path, internalising its language patterns before writing their own version. The mechanism is well-grounded (oral rehearsal frees cognitive resources for composition), though most published evaluations are practitioner-led rather than RCT-based.
- Corbett & Strong - Talk for Writing: official approach overview
- EEF - Improving Literacy in Key Stage 2 (oral rehearsal and modelled writing)
Examples:
Frayer Model
Helps build vocab
About Frayer Model
Create Frayer Model diagrams with definitions, characteristics, examples, and non-examples to build deeper vocabulary understanding.
Evidence
The Frayer Model forces learners to define a term, list its features, and crucially supply both examples and non-examples, pinning down concept boundaries that a definition alone leaves fuzzy. Originating in 1969 categorisation research, it has become a standard vocabulary scaffold and aligns directly with the example/non-example principles found in Direct Instruction.
- Frayer, Frederick & Klausmeier (1969) - A schema for testing the level of concept mastery (original technical report)
- Marzano (2004) - Building Background Knowledge for Academic Achievement
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Slides Creator
Generate slide decks
About Slides Creator
Create comprehensive presentation slides with icons, keywords, quizzes, and teacher notes. Perfect for lessons, lectures, and educational presentations.
Evidence
Mayer's Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning gives slide design its empirical base: integrate words and pictures, cut extraneous detail (the 'coherence' principle), signal structure, and avoid redundant on-screen text being read aloud. Slides built on these principles consistently outperform decorated, text-heavy decks.
- Mayer (2009/2014) - Cognitive theory of multimedia learning
- Mayer & Fiorella (2014) - Principles for reducing extraneous processing in multimedia learning
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Graphic Organiser
Helps connect knowledge
About Graphic Organiser
Find ways to visualize your content. Creates custom layouts, colors, and connections based on your topic. Perfect for when you want maximum creative freedom.
Evidence
Graphic organisers externalise the structure of an idea (sequence, hierarchy, comparison) and reduce the working-memory cost of holding it all in mind. Meta-analyses across reading and content-area learning show consistent positive effects, particularly for lower-attaining students and for comprehension of expository text.
- Kim, Vaughn, Wanzek & Wei (2004) - Graphic organizers and their effects on the reading comprehension of students with LD: A synthesis of research
- Nesbit & Adesope (2006) - Learning with concept and knowledge maps: A meta-analysis
- Mayer (1989) - Models for understanding (early evidence on diagrammatic representations)
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Drawing Coach
ExperimentalAI-powered diagram coaching
About Drawing Coach
Get real-time AI coaching while creating instructional diagrams and graphic organisers. Upload content, draw on canvas, and receive feedback to improve your visual explanations.
Evidence
Asking learners to draw what they're trying to understand ('learner-generated drawing') has stronger effects on comprehension and transfer than re-reading, when learners receive prompts or feedback to keep their drawings accurate. The added value of AI coaching specifically (i.e. real-time formative feedback on a learner's diagram) is consistent with this evidence base but is itself a newer area.
- Van Meter & Garner (2005) - The promise and practice of learner-generated drawing
- Schmeck, Mayer, Opfermann, Pfeiffer & Leutner (2014) - Drawing pictures during learning from scientific text
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Storyboard
Chunk knowledge
About Storyboard
Generate a visual narrative with images and text for storytelling, processes, or event sequences.
Evidence
Narrative is what Daniel Willingham calls 'psychologically privileged': humans recall sequenced, causal information far better than disconnected facts. Storyboards make that structure visible: each panel is a chunk, the order encodes causation, and the visual+text combination invokes dual coding.
- Willingham (2009) - Why Don't Students Like School? (chapter on stories and memory)
- Bower & Clark (1969) - Narrative stories as mediators for serial learning
Examples:
Storymap
Chunk knowledge
About Storymap
Create interactive visual storyboards with connected images and text to illustrate narrative sequences. Perfect for explaining processes, telling stories, or visualizing historical events.
Evidence
Story maps make narrative structure (setting, characters, problem, resolution) explicit, which improves comprehension, particularly for struggling readers and for retell tasks. The What Works Clearinghouse and IES practice guides include 'teach narrative structure with graphic organisers' as a recommended practice.
- IES Practice Guide (2010) - Improving Reading Comprehension in K-3 (recommendation 2: text structure)
- Boulineau, Fore, Hagan-Burke & Burke (2004) - Use of story-mapping to increase the story-grammar text comprehension of elementary students with LD
Examples:
Timeline Creator
Helps develop chronology
About Timeline Creator
Create interactive timelines from any chronological content. Perfect for history lessons, project planning, scientific processes, and understanding sequences of events.
Evidence
Timelines externalise temporal sequence, freeing working memory and making cause-and-effect chains visible. In history education research, "thinking historically" depends on building chronological frameworks that new events can be hung on. The benefit comes from learners actively placing and justifying events, not from reading a finished timeline.
- Lévesque (2008) - Thinking Historically: Educating Students for the Twenty-First Century
- Wineburg (2001) - Historical Thinking and Other Unnatural Acts
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Visual Word Building
Helps build vocabulary
About Visual Word Building
Create visual word building activities that help students understand word structure through morpheme analysis. Split words into meaningful parts and build engaging learning materials.
Evidence
Morphological instruction (teaching prefixes, roots and suffixes as meaning-bearing units) has positive effects on decoding, spelling and vocabulary, with the largest gains for less able readers. A 22-study meta-analysis found benefits across age groups and stronger effects when morphology is integrated with broader literacy instruction.
- Bowers, Kirby & Deacon (2010) - The effects of morphological instruction on literacy skills: A systematic review
- Goodwin & Ahn (2013) - A meta-analysis of morphological interventions in English: Effects on literacy outcomes for school-age children
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Concrete Examples
Helps build conceptual understanding
About Concrete Examples
Create printable worksheets using the NPPPN sequence to teach categorical concepts. Help students distinguish between examples and non-examples with research-backed design principles.
Evidence
The NPPPN sequence (Negative, Positive, Positive, Positive, Negative) comes from Engelmann and Carnine's Theory of Instruction. By controlling what varies between examples, it isolates the critical features of a concept and prevents over-generalisation. Direct Instruction programmes built on these principles have one of the largest meta-analytic effect sizes in education research.
- Engelmann & Carnine (1991) - Theory of Instruction: Principles and Applications
- Tennyson & Park (1980) - The teaching of concepts: A review of instructional design research literature
- Stockard et al. (2018) - The effectiveness of Direct Instruction curricula: A meta-analysis
Examples:
Map Generator
ExperimentalHelps build spatial understanding
About Map Generator
Create interactive maps with custom themes and data visualizations. Perfect for geography, history, or any subject requiring spatial understanding.
Evidence
Maps support spatial reasoning and provide a stable visual anchor for events, ecosystems, or data. The pedagogical value depends on what students do with the map (interpretation, overlay, comparison), not on its existence. Interactive maps have been shown to help when they expose structure that static maps hide.
- Hegarty (2011) - The cognitive science of visual-spatial displays: Implications for design
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Curriculum Graph
ExperimentalHelps connect the curriculum
About Curriculum Graph
Interactive knowledge graph showing curriculum connections and prerequisites. Click on any topic to see what students need to know first and how concepts connect across subjects.
Evidence
Prerequisite knowledge is the single biggest predictor of new learning. Ausubel's often-quoted line is 'the most important factor influencing learning is what the learner already knows.' Making prerequisite structure explicit helps teachers diagnose gaps before they become barriers. This is a planning aid grounded in schema theory and mastery learning, rather than a direct intervention.
- Ausubel (1968) - Educational psychology: A cognitive view (prerequisite knowledge)
- Bloom (1984) - The 2 sigma problem: The search for methods of group instruction as effective as one-to-one tutoring
Examples:
Organize your knowledge
Helps connect knowledge
About Organize your knowledge
Enter what you want to teach and get smart recommendations for the best visual format. Chooses from mind maps, flow charts, Venn diagrams, and more.
Evidence
Different content has different shape (comparison, sequence, hierarchy, cycle), and matching the visual representation to the underlying structure reduces extraneous cognitive load. Schema theory predicts that representations aligned with how knowledge is organised in long-term memory are easier to encode and retrieve.
- Sweller, van Merriënboer & Paas (2019) - Cognitive architecture and instructional design: 20 years later
- Anderson (1977) - The notion of schemata and the educational enterprise
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Source Search
Authentic primary sources
About Source Search
Search authentic historical photographs, manuscripts, maps and newspapers across Europeana, the Library of Congress, and Wikimedia Commons. Only openly-licensed results are shown.
The Learning Science
Working with authentic primary sources develops critical thinking and historical interpretation skills more effectively than secondary summaries. Research in history education shows that source analysis builds disciplinary literacy and evidential reasoning.
Examples:
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